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SISO: is the simplest system using only 1 antenna at each station

SIMO: uses receive diversity at the mobile to combat the effects of multipath and fading in the radio channel. The gain can be up to 3dB.

MISO: uses Space Frequency Block Coding to provide transmit diversity where data is copied onto different frequencies on the two antennas. This is used for most of the physical channels but not the SCH and reference signals. These are received by a single antenna in order to improve signal reception over the channel thus combating the effects of multi-path and fading. MISO does not

increase data rates.

MIMO: relies on Spatial Multiplexing where two data streams are sent via 2 or 4 antennas. This is used on PDSCH and PMCH. Pre-defined orthogonal training sequences are used from each transmitter to enable the receiver to learn to distinguish the separate signals.

Additionally, Cyclic Delay Diversity may be used on the physical downlink shared channel PDSCH in which there is a cyclical shift of the signal between the different antennas. These appear as a phase diversity (a delay of half a symbol for the 2 antenna case) in the received signal so may be separated

more easily. MIMO increases the data throughput.

If 4 antennas are used at the eNode B, there are two data streams and transmit diversity is used for each of these on the second pair of antennas to increase the reliability of transmission.